Its purpose was to influence the british government to preserve the spiritual and temporal authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam. Contradictions of the khilafat movement duke university press. Khilafat movement hindumuslim constitutional and political. Introduction the khilafat movement was a religiopolitical movement launched by the muslims of india for the retention of the ottoman caliphate and for not handing over the control of. Introduction the khilafat movement was a religiopolitical movement launched by the muslims of british india for the retention of the ottoman caliphate and for not handing over the control of muslim holy places to nonmuslims.
Noncooperation movement, unsuccessful attempt in 192022, organized by mohandas mahatma gandhi, to induce the british government of india to grant selfgovernment, or swaraj, to india. Urdu political poetry during the khilafat movement. Gandhi lost all faith in the british sense of justice and liberalism and decided to lauch a noncooperation movement. During the first world war turkey was allied with germany and austria against the british. Khilafat movement by gail minault the khilafat movement was an agitation by indian muslims, allied with indian nationalists, to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam after world war i. Dec 14, 2017 so, the leaders of khilafat movement, that is, the ali brothers joined hands with inc indian national congress for the noncooperation movement which was going to start. Like other areas of india muslims of sindh played significant role in this movement. Khilafat movementthe khilafat movement 19191924 was an agitation on the part of some indian muslims, allied with the indian nationalist movement, during the years following world war i.
Khilafat movement and the province of sindh 53 of islamic independence was steadily narrowing. It made clear to the indian muslims to trust neither the british nor the hindus, but to look to their own strengths for selfpreservation. From the year 1876 to 1909, abdul hamid ii was the emperor of the ottoman empire. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. The khilafat movement was a great muslim struggle which provided dynamic leadership to the muslims and established foundations to launch further muslim freedom movement on stable and firm basis. The khilafat movement, which took place among indian muslims immediately following the first world war, was so called because it was a political agitation designed to pressure the british government to preserve the defeated ottoman empire and its ruler, the caliph of islam. It was at this juncture that jamaluddin afghani 183897 propagated the idea of panislamism.
This article throws light on the role of gandhiji in noncooperation and khilafat movement. Khilafat movement was a religiopolitical movement launched by the muslims of the british india for the retention of the ottoman caliphate or khilafateusmania and for not letting for the muslim holy places go under the control of the nonmuslims. The khilafat movement 19191924 was an agitation on the part of some indian muslims, allied with the indian nationalist movement, during the years following world war i. The movement was initially bolstered by gandhis noncooperation movement but fell. Ninety four years later, we have a new khalifa claiming the allegiance of sunni muslims. The most important cause of the noncooperation movement was the khilafat movement started in 1919 which brought the muslims and the hindus on a common platform against the british rule. It argues that the trajectory of possibility to impossibility in hindumuslim relations that the scholarship charts is somewhat misleading. The khilafat movement 19191924 was a panislamic, political campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british government and to protect the ottoman empire during the aftermath of world war i. So, the leaders of khilafat movement, that is, the ali brothers joined hands with inc indian national congress for the noncooperation movement which was going to start. The moplah rebellion in kerala is a result of the khilafat movement. The muslims of india had a great regard for the khilafat caliphate which was held by the ottoman empire.
The noncooperation khilafat movement began in january 1921. The khilafat movement 1919 20 was essentially a movement to express muslim support for the caliph of turkey against the allied powers particularly britain. This article was last updated on sunday, june 01, 2003. The khilafat movement was an asset for the struggle of pakistan. The leaders in spite of their best efforts could not maintain the hindumuslim unity. Khilafat movement, when non cooperation programme was announced, alla h bakhsh yousufi was the first muslim in the nwfp, who resigned from his servi ce. It was good that the movement supported the development of the section of the community.
A closer examination of the khilafat movement in sind shows that it was made up of a complex set of alliances. Khilafat movement and noncooperation movement mohandas karamchand gandhi took control of the national movement in 1919. Khilafat day was observed the second time on the 19 th of march, 1920. Article pdf available january 2005 with 1,048 reads. Request pdf role of khilafat movement in the uprising of muslims of indian subcontinent presented at international symposium on 100th anniversary of urdu language education in turkey the. It was strong in british india where it formed a rallying point for some indian muslims as one of many antibritish indian political movements.
First, it helped the muslims from the urban areas to come in the national movement. Though the two movements emerged from separate issues, they adopted a common programme of actionthat of nonviolent non cooperation. The khilafat movement was launched by muslims in british india in 1920 to defend the ottoman caliphate at the end of the first world war and it spread throughout the british colonial territories. Oct 30, 2014 khilafat movement by zubda ahmad introduction the khilafat movement was a religiopolitical movement launched by the muslims of india for the retention of the ottoman caliphate and for not handing over the control of muslim holy places to nonmuslims. This became known as muttafiqa fatwa and contained the earliest expression of the desire to include lawyers in the movement. The khilafat movement 19191924 was a panislamic, political protest campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british government and to protect the ottoman empire during the aftermath of world war i. Various social groups participated in this movement, each with its own specific aspiration. What were the causes for launching khilafat movement in india. While seemingly panislamic, the movement was primarily a means of achieving panindian muslim political mobilization.
The panislamio movement, handbook prepared under the direction of the historical section of the british foreign office. In november 1920, the central khilafat committee also organized the jamiyyatululamaihind, a committee of 120 muslim scholars that drafted a fatwa against cooperation with the british. With this, the third and significant phase of indian nationalism began and which continued till independence. Its purpose was to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam following the breakup of the ottoman empire at the end of the war. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the. Gandhijis struggle was a movement to prevent the british from abolishing the khilafat or transferring its headquarters from istanbul where it had been during the. What are the reasons for the failure of the khilafat movement.
Khilafat movement, panislamic force in india that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among muslims in india during the period of british rule. The khilafat committee started the noncooperation movement on 31 august 1920. These include khilafat leaders successive moves to pressure the british authorities in india through countrywide noncooperation bid. The position of caliph after the armistice of mudros of october 1918 with the military occupation of istanbul and treaty of versailles 1919 fell into a disambiguation along. What is your opinion on the khilafat movement and its impact. The khilafat movement 191924 was a panislamist political protest campaign launched by muslims of british india led by shaukat ali, mohammad ali jauhar and abul kalam azad to restore the caliph of the ottoman caliphate, who was considered the leader of sunni muslims, as an effective political authority quotes. The ali brothers were the driving force behind the khilafat movement, which was concerned with the fate of the caliph in the ottoman empire, but got entwined with the merging massbased struggle for indian freedom from british rule, of which gandhi was the driving force. Suspension of noncooperation movement after the incidents of chauri chaura and the attack at the police outpost made gandhiji take a big decision to suspend the noncooperation movement. My opinion can only be expressed in the vernacular and it goes like this. Download pdf right click and save as target or continue reading online. Role of khilafat movement in the uprising of muslims of. It was one of gandhis first organized acts of largescale civil disobedience satyagraha. The act of managing to get a self inflicted fracture in your ribcage thanks to the chest beating yo. Jun 10, 2017 my opinion can only be expressed in the vernacular and it goes like this.
The goal of the movement was to preserve the ottoman. The demands of the khilafat committee and the congress were merged and gandhi was asked to lead the movement. At that time gandhi was going to start his noncooperation movement. The khilafat movement 19191924 was an agitation by indian muslims allied with indian nationalism in the years following world war i.
This article analyses the role of the legal profession and the evolution of aspects of indian nationalist ideology during the noncooperation movement of 192022. This article begins by placing the khilafat movement 191924 in historical context and then describes main developments marking its evolution in response to the turkish nationalist struggle for liberation. The demands of the khilafat committee and the congress were merged and. The khilafat movement, also known as the indian muslim movement 191924, was a panislamist political protest campaign launched by muslims of british india led by shaukat ali, mohammad ali jauhar, hakim ajmal khan, and abul kalam azad to restore the caliph of the ottoman caliphate, who was considered the leader of sunni muslims, as an effective political authority. Nov 29, 2015 background the khilafat movement 19191924 was a major panislamic movement started to save the ottoman empire and it extended to india against the british power. Read this article to learn about the khilafat and noncooperation movement in india against british. While seemingly panislamic, the movement was primarily a means of. Gandhi had persuaded the indians to support the war efforts of the british during the first world war. Hence, muslims started the khilafat movement in india for the. The khilafat movement turned out to be an important mass movement due to three reasons. Its purpose was to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam. This article explores how the influence of the darululum, the islamic school of higher learning in deoband, north india, radiates across the countries of south asia and beyond. Khilafat and noncooperation movement in india against british. At same time when khilafat movement was at its peak gandhi was also leading many other movements like tehrik e terk mawalat, civil nafermani etc and through these movement his policy was to weak the english govt.
The khilafat movement, launched by gandhiji, occupies a vital place in indias history. Dec 02, 2017 suspension of noncooperation movement after the incidents of chauri chaura and the attack at the police outpost made gandhiji take a big decision to suspend the noncooperation movement. Short paragraph on khilafat movement here is your paragraph on gandhi and the khilafat movement, 1920 here is your free essay on khilafat movement brief notes on the the khilafat movement india essay on the khilafat and noncooperation movement in. Khilafat movement and its importance background of khilafat movement. The acquisition of the status of khalifa by the otto man sultans is. It aimed to rouse public opinion against the harsh treatment accorded to the ottoman empire after world war i and specifically against the treatment of the ottoman sultan and caliph khalifa. This unity reached its climax during the khilafat and the noncooperation movements. Gandhian philosophy emphasized the strategy of satyagraha and ahimsa in fighting against the british.
Khilafat article about khilafat by the free dictionary. It seeks to understand the ingredients of its religious school of thought, how it functions across cultural and political boundaries, and what institutions it has. Role of gandhiji in noncooperation and khilafat movement. Muslims regarded the sultan of turkey as their spiritual leader, khalifa, so naturally they sympathized with turkey. It confirmed to the muslims that the hindu mind can never be sincere to the muslims.
The noncooperationkhilafat movement began in january 1921. Urdu political poetry during the khilafat movement modern. Religious symbolism and political mobilization in india. After the war, the british removed the khalifa from power and fragmented turkey. Jun 01, 2003 the khilafat movement was an asset for the struggle of pakistan. Khilafat movement 19191924 the lucknow pact showed that it was possible for middleclass, englisheducated muslims and hindus to arrive at an amicable settlement on hindumuslim constitutional and political problems. Khilafat movement 19191924 importance pdf download.
The movement began in 1919 and, under the leadership of the ali brothers, muhammad ali 18781931 and shaukat ali 18731938, assumed a mainly political character in. This article deals with the different efforts of muslims of sindh along with the. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the first. Background the khilafat movement19191924 was a major panislamic movement started to save the ottoman empire and it extended to india against the british power. Noncooperation movement and khilafat movement in india ias. Gandhi in an article published in young india on february 23, 1922 declared, it is. Pdf stalwarts of the khilafat movement in nwfp researchgate. This article asks specifically if the khilafat movement can have a story of its own.
As he was a caliph, he was supreme from the religious aspect and also was a political leader of the sunni muslims all over the world. Very few legal professionals responded to gandhis call to boycott the british courts despite significant efforts to establish alternative institutions dedicated to resolving disputes. Integral to this was the muslims desire to influence the treatymaking process. During 191922, the british were opposed through two mass movementsthe khilafat and noncooperation. May 26, 2015 khilafat movement by gail minault the khilafat movement was an agitation by indian muslims, allied with indian nationalists, to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam after world war i. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the first world war. Events in turkey that gives you a background to khilafat. The religiouis and political concerns of mnany indian muslims. The movement was initially bolstered by gandhis noncooperation movement but fell apart after the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. The khilafat movement was an agitation by indian muslims, allied with indian nationalists, to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam after world war i. This decision of gandhiji was not supported by some of the radical nationalists of congress.
The khilafat movement came to an end when thousands of indians were put behind the bar. Short essay on the khilafat movement 1919 20 article shared by. One of the main reasons which caused a death blow to khilafat movement was the indirect announcement of gandhi to discontinue the non cooperation movement. The khilafat or caliphate movement of 1919 to 1924 was a political and religious movement among muslims in the british colony of india. The noncooperation movement is referred to briefly since it has its origin in the khilafat movement. They were subhash chandra bose and jawaharlal nehru. All of them responded to the call of swaraj, but the term meant different things to different people. During the world wari, turkey helped germany to war against british. Begaani shaadi mein abdullah deewana loose and substandard translation. In this atmosphere emerged the khilafat issue around which developed the historic noncooperation movement.
1443 767 607 1130 237 327 235 1181 954 440 700 984 511 874 1634 314 438 861 82 715 393 53 93 1623 891 477 196 1630 1634 367 1633 1566 46 228 1060 238 1000 1465 222 248